Outcome of the Community-Led Total Sanitation Approach: Process evaluation of the National Sanitation Campaign in Butiama District.

Bulugu, Bernardo (2025) Outcome of the Community-Led Total Sanitation Approach: Process evaluation of the National Sanitation Campaign in Butiama District. Masters thesis, The Open University of Tanzania.

PDF - Submitted Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (582kB)

Abstract

Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a participatory approach aimed at eliminating open defecation and improving sanitation through community-driven behavioural change. This study examined the effectiveness of CLTS in Butiama District, Mara Region, focusing on behavioural change, community engagement, and household participation. A mixed-methods design was used, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected from 96 households and key informants, including community leaders, health workers, and district officials. Findings revealed a 95.7% reduction in open defecation and a 59.2% increase in latrine use, showing strong CLTS impact. However, 99% of respondents cited cultural beliefs as barriers to abandoning open defecation, highlighting the need for culturally responsive interventions. Community engagement was rated high by 73.1% of respondents, though some households were less involved in decision-making. Participation in triggering activities was high (94.6%) but declined in follow-up stages such as action planning (9.7%) and mapping (1.1%). The emotional effect of triggering was limited, with 83.9% reporting no feelings of shame or disgust, affecting long-term behaviour change. The study concludes that CLTS has improved sanitation outcomes in Butiama District but requires sustained follow-up, cultural adaptation, and strong community leadership. Integrating CLTS into broader health and sanitation policies will help ensure lasting progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 6. Keywords: Community Led Total Sanitation; Behavioural Change; Open Defecation; National sanitation campaign; Butiama District

Actions (login required)

View Item