Assessment of Socio Cultural Factors Influencing Pupils’ Academic Performance in Public Primary Schools in Longido District; Tanzania.

Kawishe, Basilisa (2025) Assessment of Socio Cultural Factors Influencing Pupils’ Academic Performance in Public Primary Schools in Longido District; Tanzania. Masters thesis, The Open University of Tanzania.

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Abstract

This study aimed to assess the socio-cultural factors influencing pupils’ academic performance in public primary schools in Longido District. Specifically, it explored community perceptions of these influences, examined how cultural practices affect PSLE performance, and proposed strategies to address the challenges identified. Guided by socio-cultural theory, the study adopted a mixed-methods approach involving both quantitative and qualitative data. A descriptive and exploratory research design was utilized, and participants were selected through purposive and stratified random sampling. The sample included 95 respondents: 20 Standard Seven pupils, 50 teachers, 10 head teachers, 10 school committee members, 3 Ward Education Officers (WEOs), 1 District School Quality Assurance Officer (DSQAO), and 1 District Primary Education Officer (DPEO). Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 25) with descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings revealed that deeply rooted socio-cultural norms especially those linked to Maasai traditions such as early marriages, initiation rites, and gender roles significantly hinder academic success by diverting pupils’ attention and time from schooling. While some community members value education, others prioritize traditional practices over schooling. It is recommended that multi-stakeholder interventions including community sensitization program, enforcement of child protection laws, alignment of school calendars with cultural activities, and stronger partnerships between schools, local governments, and NGOs. Key words: Social-cultural factors, Academic performance, Public Primary School.

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