Legal challenges of Multiple Land use in Tanzania: a case study of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area.

Daniel, Cylius M. (2023) Legal challenges of Multiple Land use in Tanzania: a case study of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area. Masters thesis, The Open University of Tanzania.

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Abstract

Management of land on a multiple-use basis is a popular current concept that provides a method of balancing increasing land use needs with a limited land area and a reduced limit. The Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Tanzania is a prime example of a multiple land use experiment conducted by conservationists. The Area was created as a multiple land use as an alternative to displacing the Indigenous Maasai pastoralists who still adhere to their traditional culture and practice cattle husbandry. In recognition of the area’s diversity, it has been designated as a World Heritage Site and as a Biosphere Reserve. The government has recently begun to evict Maasai from the area to adopt the conventional park without people model thereby defeating the legal concept of multiple land use of the area that was created for. This study has examined the legal challenges on the laws governing Ngorongoro Conservation Area by identifying gaps of the laws and challenges related to increased human activities and development of tourism in the area. This study has applied both doctrinal and non-doctrinal research methods to arrive at the findings and recommendations of the study. The study has found that despite of the legal recognition of the multiple land use mandate, and the fact that the interests of the indigenous people ought to take precedence in the event of a conflict of interests, the historical and contemporary situation in Ngorongoro Conservation Area speaks to the contrary. The interests of conservation and tourism have clearly been given priority over the development of the indigenous pastoralists, as evidenced by well-documented and routine violations of the human rights of the indigenous people. The study comprises of six chapters which has been used to cover the entire study. Keywords: Legal, Multiple Land Use, Ngorongoro Conservation Area.

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