The Effects of Working Environment on Employees' Performance: A Case Study of the Special Departments in Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar.

Hussein, Ali Juma (2025) The Effects of Working Environment on Employees' Performance: A Case Study of the Special Departments in Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar. Masters thesis, The Open University of Tanzania.

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Abstract

This study examined the effect of the working environment on employee performance at the Ministry of State, President's Office, Regional Administration and Local Government, Zanzibar. It focused on three objectives: assessing the effect of physical factors, psychological factors (motivation and job satisfaction), and social factors (workplace relationships and communication) on performance. Guided by Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, the study used a positivist philosophy, quantitative approach, and explanatory design with a case study strategy. A sample of 169 respondents was drawn from a population of 300 through stratified and simple random sampling. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. Results showed that physical, psychological, and social factors significantly and positively affected performance, with physical factors having the strongest effect (β = 0.389, p < 0.05), followed by psychological (β = 0.372) and social factors (β = 0.361). This suggests that improvements in these areas are closely linked to enhanced performance. The study concludes that improving physical conditions and fostering a supportive work culture with strong leadership, communication, and relationships is vital. It recommends that public institutions, especially the Ministry, invest in infrastructure, implement motivation and recognition programs, and promote social cohesion through training and inclusive leadership to sustain high employee performance and well-being. Keywords: Working Environment, Employee Performance, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, Physical Factors, Psychological Factors, Social Factors, Zanzibar Public Sector

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