Exploring the Role of Gender Norms in Preventing Violence against Children: The Case of Kibaha District.

Mawalla, Anna Saimon (2025) Exploring the Role of Gender Norms in Preventing Violence against Children: The Case of Kibaha District. Masters thesis, The Open University of Tanzania.

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Abstract

This study explores the role of gender norms in shaping the prevention of violence against children (VAC) in Kibaha District, Tanzania. Guided by Connell’s Gender and Power Theory, the research adopted a qualitative case study design for in-depth exploration of how socially constructed gender norms influence community perceptions and responses to VAC. Purposive sampling selected 30 participants—parents, children, community leaders, and child protection stakeholders—ensuring diverse perspectives. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews (IDIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), and document reviews, with strict ethical protocols observed to protect confidentiality and well-being. Thematic analysis using NVivo software identified key patterns and themes. Findings revealed that traditional gender norms strongly shape perceptions and responses within families and communities. Boys were socialized to endure physical punishment as masculinity, while girls were expected to remain silent and submissive, limiting disclosure and protection. Patriarchal household power dynamics constrained women from reporting abuse, while cultural and religious beliefs often reinforced violent discipline. However, positive teachings promoting compassion, collective parenting, and non-violent child-rearing were also identified and could support prevention strategies. The study concludes that addressing both harmful and supportive gender norms is critical for effective VAC prevention. It recommends gender-sensitive community education, women’s empowerment in decision-making, and active engagement of men and cultural leaders in transforming violent norms toward inclusive, non-violent parenting. Keywords: Gender norms, Violence against children (VAC), Patriarchy, Child protection, Qualitative research, Kibaha District, Tanzania.

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