Educational Support Systems for Learners with Autism Spectrum Disorders within Inclusive Settings in The Selected Regions in Tanzania.

Laiser, Miriam Loivotoki (2025) Educational Support Systems for Learners with Autism Spectrum Disorders within Inclusive Settings in The Selected Regions in Tanzania. Doctoral thesis, The Open University of Tanzania.

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Abstract

Inclusive education for all kinds of learners is now becoming a norm in many countries. However, evidence indicates a gap in the policy and implementation of quality inclusive education for learners with autism spectrum disorders. The lack of clear national policies, coupled with the complexity of the condition, has thwarted the good intentions of many countries, such as Tanzania, in the implementation of inclusive education. The key question among stakeholders has been how to go about including these learners in elementary schools while at the same time ensuring access, participation and achievement in education. To respond to that question, this study assessed the educational support systems for learners with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) within inclusive elementary schools in the selected regions in Tanzania. The study employed the interpretivist research paradigm, qualitative approach and multiple case-study design. Interviews, focus group discussions, nonparticipant observations and documentary review methods were used to collect data from 41 respondents from 7 schools in 5 regions of Tanzania. Data were analysed thematically, aided by Nvivo 12 software. The findings revealed a lack of clear statements about inclusive education in the 2014 Education and Training Policy. There is a lack of Educational Support Resources and Assessment Centres (ESRAC) in the regions. The study concludes that Tanzania has a long way to go to ensure access, participation and achievement in education for learners with autism. The study recommends differentiated curriculum and assessments, particularly in the national examinations provided by the National Examinations Council of Tanzania (NECTA). Keywords: Inclusive Education, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Educational Support.

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