An Assessment of the Effect of Human-Wildlife Conflicts on Sustainable Conservation in Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania.

Nyerembe,, Edwin Charles (2020) An Assessment of the Effect of Human-Wildlife Conflicts on Sustainable Conservation in Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania. Masters thesis, The Open University of Tanzania.

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Abstract

This study assessed the effects of human-wildlife conflict on sustainable conservation in Tanzania Conservation Areas. The study used a questionnaire and checklist of questions to collect data from 139 respondents randomly selected in the Ngorongoro division, Ngorongoro district, Arusha region. The data were statistically analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. the study found that Human-Wildlife Conflict (HWC) persists in the NCA. Apart from the menace of buffaloes, elephants, leopards, hyenas, and lions also threatened humans. Moreover, the study found that Wild animals exposed to harassment exhibited aggressive behaviour compared to others. Furthermore, all the domestic animals found in NCA are predated by wild animals, particularly sheep and goats by hyenas prowling at night. Lion’s predations occur early in the morning and late in the evening with most victims being livestock trailing behind the flock when herding back home and those lost in the rangeland. HWC in the NCAA is mostly caused by competition over resources by human beings, their livestock, and wild animals. The study observed a significant threat in the HWC caused by change in the wild animals’ behaviour. In consequence, the villagers constructed strong fences around bomas and introduced zoning for grazing in some areas suitable for wild animals such as Ngorongoro crater. Thus, the NCAA must continue providing conservation knowledge to the natives, promoting livestock predation compensation schemes, advocating building bomas using strong fences and employ participatory treatment of WHC-related cases. In this regard, the study recommends that natives in the NCAA area need to take precautions to avoid grazing their livestock in areas with a high degree of predation. In addition, relevant authorities should address rabid cases in the NCA. Keywords: Human, Wildlife conflict in Ngorongoro Conservation

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